List of notable tropical cyclones

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

This is a list of notable tropical cyclones, subdivided by basin and reason for notability.

Contents 1 North Atlantic basin 1.1 Retired names 1.1.1 Sources 1.2 Listed by death toll 1.3 Listed by cost (United States only) 1.3.1 Listed by 2004 inflation adjusted cost 1.3.2 Listed by cost at the time 1.3.3 Listed by wealth normalization for 2003 1.4 Listed by duration 1.5 Listed by number of tornadoes spawned 1.6 Listed by seasonal activity 1.6.1 Listed by most total storms: Post-1900 1.6.2 Listed by most total storms: Pre-1900 1.6.3 Listed by fewest total storms 1.7 Notable Canadian hurricanes 1.8 Unnamed but historically significant 1.9 Lesser known but significant hurricanes 1.10 Off-season storms 1.11 Category 5 hurricanes 1.12 Listed by intensity 1.13 East Atlantic 2 South Atlantic basin 3 Eastern Pacific basin 3.1 Retired names 3.2 Unnamed 3.3 Longest-lived Eastern Pacific storm 3.4 Deadliest East Pacific Storms 3.5 Most Active East Pacific Seasons 3.6 Least Active East Pacific Seasons 3.7 Off-season storms 3.8 Category 5's 3.9 Listed by Intensity 4 Central Pacific basin 4.1 Unnamed 4.2 Out of Season Storms 5 Western Pacific basin 5.1 Retired Names 5.2 Other Named 5.3 Unnamed 6 Northern Indian Ocean 7 South Pacific Ocean 8 South Indian Ocean 9 Australian tropical cyclones 10 Most intense storms on record 11 Size extremes 12 Highest storm surge 13 Notes 14 See also

North Atlantic basin

Retired names

Hurricane names are retired due to the notoriety of the storm to which they are attached (after a nation impacted by the storm lobbies the World Meteorological Organization). See naming of tropical cyclones.

The background color behind the name indicates its strength on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale at its strongest landfall.

Tropical depression

Tropical storm

Category 1 hurricane

Category 2 hurricane

Category 3 hurricane

Category 4 hurricane

Category 5 hurricane

See also Category:Retired Atlantic hurricanes.

Name	Year	Location	Deaths	Damage (2005 $US)
Carol	1954	New England	60	$4.1 billion
Edna	1954	New England	20	$250 million
Hazel	1954	Haiti, South Carolina northward to Ontario	600 - 1,200	$3-5 billion
Connie	1955	North Carolina	?	Extensive flooding, $3.3 billion
Diane	1955	North Carolina	200	$7 billion
Ione	1955	North Carolina	7	$600 million
Janet	1955	Grenada and Belize	500+	$320 million
Audrey	1957	Texas and Louisiana	390+	$1 billion
Gracie	1959	South Carolina, Virginia and Georgia	22	$90 million
Donna	1960	Impacted every U.S. state on the east coast	364	$3.3 billion
Carla	1961	Texas (as far inland as Dallas)	46	$2.4 billion
Hattie	1961	British Honduras	400	Destroyed Belize City; $370 million
Flora	1963	Haiti and Cuba	7,193	$3.2 billion
Cleo	1964	Guadeloupe and Hispaniola; Miami, Florida	217 in the Caribbean and US	$1.2 billion
Dora	1964	Jacksonville, Florida	1	$2 billion. First-ever hurricane to hit the First Coast of Florida.
Hilda	1964	New Orleans, Louisiana	38	$750 million
Betsy	1965	Louisiana	76	$10-12 billion
Inez	1966	Jamaica, Haiti, Cuba and Mexico	990 official, 1,000+ estimated	$1.2 billion
Beulah	1967	Texas	59	Dropped almost 30 inches of rain on Beeville, Texas, $1.2 billion
Camille	1969	U.S. Gulf Coast	256	Obliterated the Mississippi coast, $9.2 billion
Celia	1970	Corpus Christi, Texas	16	$2.3 billion
Agnes	1972	United States	122	$12 billion
Carmen	1974	United States	4	$620 million
Fifi	1974	Honduras	6,000+	$20 billion
Eloise	1975	Hispaniola to Florida and northwards	80	$2.1 billion
Anita	1977	Struck Mexico near the Texas border	10	?
David	1979	Dominican Republic and Dominica	2,068+	$900 million+
Frederic	1979	U.S. Gulf coast	5	$4-8 billion
Allen	1980	Caribbean and South Texas	236	$2.6 billion
Alicia	1983	Struck Galveston, Texas and Houston	21	$3.8 billion damage
Elena	1985	Florida and Mississippi	4	$2.7 billion
Gloria	1985	US Eastern Seaboard,New York's Long Island	8	$1.6 billion
Gilbert	1988	Jamaica, Mexico	318	Second strongest hurricane ever recorded in the Western Hemisphere; $7-9 billion
Joan	1988	Nicaragua, Colombia; other countries	216	$2-3 billion
Hugo	1989	Carolinas, Puerto Rico, Guadeloupe, Montserrat, and the U.S. Virgin Islands (locale of primary damage)	49	$15 billion
Diana	1990	Mexico	96	?
Klaus	1990	Lesser Antilles, Georgia	11	Marco formed from the remnants of Klaus and burst a dam in Georgia; $110 million combined
Bob	1991	New England; Canadian Maritimes	18	$2.8 billion
Andrew	1992	south Florida, Louisiana	62	$45 billion — costliest American natural disaster prior to Katrina
Luis	1995	St. Martin, Antigua, Barbuda, and the British Virgin Islands	17	$3.5 billion
Marilyn	1995	St. Thomas	8	$2 billion
Opal	1995	Guatemala, Mexico and the Florida Panhandle	59	$5 billion
Roxanne	1995	Mexico	14	$2 billion
Cesar	1996	Nicaragua, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela	51	Widespread flooding
Fran	1996	Cape Fear, North Carolina	34	$4.6 billion
Hortense	1996	Leeward Islands	42	heavy damage
Georges	1998	Hispaniola, Mississippi	602	$7-9 billion
Mitch	1998	Honduras and neighboring countries	18,277 (9,086 confirmed, 9,191 missing: more than any storm in over 200 years)	$5 billion+
Floyd	1999	Eastern North Carolina; New Jersey	77 in multiple states	$6 billion
Lenny	1999	Lesser Antilles, Colombia	17	$330 million+
Keith	2000	Belize, Central America	24	$225 million
Allison	2001	Texas	41	$5.5 billion - Extensive flooding;
Iris	2001	Belize	31-50	$70 million+
Michelle	2001	Honduras, Belize, Cuba and Jamaica	17	?
Isidore	2002	Yucatan and the United States	7	$330 million
Lili	2002	St. Vincent, Jamaica and Louisiana	13	$900 million
Fabian	2003	Bermuda	8	$330 million+
Isabel	2003	Much of the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic States	50	$3.6 billion
Juan	2003	Atlantic Canada	8	First hurricane to hit the area in over 110 years; $300 million
Charley	2004	Florida	35	$14 billion
Frances	2004	Bahamas; central Florida	49	$9 billion
Ivan	2004	Grenada; Cayman Islands; Jamaica and the eastern United States	124	$16-18 billion
Jeanne	2004	Haiti, the Dominican Republic and central Florida	3,037 (Haiti), 4 direct in US	$6.9 billion

Retired names from 2005 season will be announced by the WMO in the spring of 2006. Never have more than four names been retired after a season, and for this season, that mark will almost certainly be tied or, more likely, broken.

Sources

• National Hurricane Center's Post-Season Reports
• Unisys Weather archives for the Atlantic

Listed by death toll

This is a list of the deadliest Atlantic hurricanes since records began in 1851. Katrina and Stan aren't yet added to this list because the official death tolls will be announced at the end of the hurricane season. Katrina's confirmed death toll in Louisiana and Mississippi alone as of the end of September 2005 had exceeded Hurricane Gordon, and Stan's confirmed death toll also passed that of Hurricane Gordon on October 11.

Deaths	Name	Year
9086 – 18,277	Hurricane Mitch	1998
8000 – 12,000	Galveston Hurricane	1900
8000 – 10,000	Hurricane Fifi	1974
2000 – 8000	Dominican Republic Hurricane	1930
7200	Hurricane Flora	1963
4075+	Lake Okeechobee Hurricane	1928
3433	Hurricane San Ciriaco	1899
2500 – 3107	Cuba Hurricane of 1932	1932
3037	Hurricane Jeanne	2004
2000 – 3000	Yucatan Hurricane of 1934	1934
1500 – 2500	Belize Hurricane of 1931	1931
2150	Caribbean Hurricane of 1935	1935
2060	Hurricane David	1979
2000	Straits of Florida Hurricane	1870
2000	'Chenier Caminada' Hurricane	1893
1000 – 2000	Sea Islands Hurricane	1893
1500	Mexico Hurricane	1909
1145	Hurricane Gordon	1994
1000	Hurricane Inez	1966
600 – 1200	Hurricane Hazel	1954

Listed by cost (United States only)

There are several ways to express the monetary cost of a hurricane, by inflation adjusted cost, cost at the time, and cost if the hurricane were to strike today. [1][2]

Also, note Hurricane Katrina will very likely be at the top of these lists, with estimates ranging from $100 to $200 billion. Hurricane Wilma will likely appear near the top as well with insured estimates (generally considered to be half of the total damage) around $9 billion, and Hurricane Rita will likely appear in the middle, estimated at $8 billion; please refrain from adding them to this ranking.

Care should be taken not to confuse "economic impact" estimates (often used for modern hurricanes like Katrina) with damage costs; it is the latter that are included in this list (and in all hurricane articles).

Note that these charts are only based on damage in the US; the total in many of these storms is higher due to damage in the Caribbean, Central America, Mexico or Canada.

Listed by 2004 inflation adjusted cost

Cost (billions)	Name	Year
$43.7	Hurricane Andrew	1992
$15.0	Hurricane Charley	2004
$14.2	Hurricane Ivan	2004
$12.3	Hurricane Hugo	1989
$11.3	Hurricane Agnes	1972
$10.8	Hurricane Betsy	1965
$8.9	Hurricane Frances	2004
$8.9	Hurricane Camille	1969
$7.0	Hurricane Diane	1955
$6.9	Hurricane Jeanne	2004
$6.3	Hurricane Frederic	1979
$6.0	New England Hurricane of 1938	1938
$5.8	Tropical Storm Allison	2001
$5.8	Hurricane Floyd	1999
$5.4	Great Atlantic Hurricane of 1944	1944
$4.5	Hurricane Fran	1996
$4.4	Hurricane Alicia	1983
$4.3	Hurricane Opal	1995
$3.9	Hurricane Carol	1954
$3.6	Hurricane Isabel	2003
$3.1	Hurricane Juan	1985
$3.0	Hurricane Donna	1960
$2.8	Hurricane Celia	1970
$2.6	Hurricane Bob	1991
$2.6	Hurricane Elena	1985
$2.4	Hurricane Carla	1961
$2.1	Great Miami Hurricane of 1926	1926
$2.0	Hurricane Eloise	1975
$2.0	Galveston Hurricane of 1915	1915
$2.0	Hurricane Dora	1964

Note that this does not include recent hurricanes such as Katrina. Damage is still being assessed and no definitive cost has been released.

Listed by cost at the time

Cost (billions)	Name	Year
$26.5	Hurricane Andrew	1992
$15.0	Hurricane Charley	2004
$14.2	Hurricane Ivan	2004
$8.9	Hurricane Frances	2004
$7.0	Hurricane Hugo	1989
$6.9	Hurricane Jeanne	2004
$5.0	Tropical Storm Allison	2001
$4.5	Hurricane Floyd	1999
$3.37	Hurricane Isabel	2003
$3.2	Hurricane Fran	1996
$3.0	Hurricane Opal	1995
$2.3	Hurricane Frederic	1979
$2.1	Hurricane Agnes	1972
$2.0	Hurricane Alicia	1983
$1.5	Hurricane Bob	1991
$1.5	Hurricane Juan	1985
$1.42	Hurricane Camille	1969
$1.42	Hurricane Betsy	1965
$1.25	Hurricane Elena	1985
$1.155	Hurricane Georges	1998
$0.9	Hurricane Gloria	1985
$0.86	Hurricane Lili	2002
$0.83	Hurricane Diane	1955
$0.72	Hurricane Bonnie	1998
$0.70	Hurricane Erin	1995
$0.50	Tropical Storm Allison	1989
$0.50	Tropical Storm Alberto	1994
$0.50	Tropical Storm Frances	1998
$0.49	Hurricane Eloise	1975
$0.46	Hurricane Carol	1954

Listed by wealth normalization for 2003

This list adjusted for 2003 inflation and wealth normalization, which is basically an estimation of what the hurricane would cost if it struck today. Estimates have been made for hurricanes that occured after 2003. Source: NOAA.

Cost (billions)	Name	Year
$98.0	Great Miami Hurricane	1926
$44.9	Hurricane Andrew	1992
$36.1	Galveston Hurricane of 1900	1900
$30.6	Galveston Hurricane of 1915	1915
$22.1	South Florida Hurricane of 1944	1944
$22.5	New England Hurricane of 1938	1938
$18.7	Lake Okeechobee Hurricane of 1928	1928
$16.9	Hurricane Betsy	1965
$16.3	Hurricane Donna	1960
$15.0	Hurricane Charley	2004
$14.9	Hurricane Camille	1969
$14.5	Hurricane Agnes	1972
$14.2	Hurricane Ivan	2004
$13.9	Hurricane Diane	1955
$12.7	Hurricane Hugo	1989
$12.3	Hurricane Carol	1954
$11.3	Fort Lauderdale Hurricane of 1947	1947
$9.6	Hurricane Carla	1961
$9.5	Hurricane Hazel	1954
$8.9	Hurricane Frances	2004
$8.8	Great Atlantic Hurricane of 1944	1944
$8.6	South Florida Hurricane of 1945	1945
$8.5	Hurricane Frederic	1979
$7.9	South Florida Hurricane of 1949	1949
$7.2	South Texas Hurricane of 1919	1919
$6.9	Hurricane Jeanne	2004
$5.5	Hurricane Alicia	1983
$5.4	Tropical Storm Allison	2001
$5.3	Hurricane Floyd	1999
$4.5	Hurricane Celia	1970

Listed by duration

Storms which have lived longer than twenty days:

Duration (days)	Name	Date
28	Hurricane San Ciriaco	August 1899
27.25	Hurricane Ginger	September 1971
26	Hurricane Faith	August 1966
24.75	Hurricane Inga	September 1969
22	Hurricane Kyle	September 2002
22	Hurricane Ivan	September 2004
20.75	Storm 9	September 1893
20.75	Hurricane Carrie	September 1957
20.50	Hurricane Alberto	August 2000
20.25	Hurricane Inez	September 1966

Source: NOAA [3], [4] NHC [5]

Listed by number of tornadoes spawned

Count	Name	Year
123	Hurricane Frances	2004
117	Hurricane Ivan	2004
115	Hurricane Beulah	1967
36	Hurricane Katrina	2005
29	Hurricane Allen	1980
29	Hurricane Gilbert	1988
23	Hurricane Alicia	1983
22	Hurricane Rita	2005
8	Hurricane Carla	1961
8	Hurricane Celia	1970

Listed by seasonal activity

A hurricane with a peak intensity of category 3 or higher on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale is classified as major.

Listed by most total storms: Post-1900

Total storms	Year	Tropical storms	Hurricanes		Notes
			Minor	Major
23	2005	10	6	7	Season ends November 30, 2005
21	1933	11	5	5
19	1995	8	6	5
18	1969	5	7	5	1 subtropical storm
16	1936	9	6	1
16	2003	9	4	3
15	2000	6	5	3	1 subtropical storm
15	2001	6	5	4
15	2004	5	3	6	1 subtropical storm
14	1953	8	2	4
14	1990	6	7	1
14	1998	4	7	3
13	1949	6	4	3
13	1950	2	3	8
13	1971	7	5	1
13	1984	7	4	1	1 subtropical storm
13	1996	4	3	6
12	1901	7	5	0
12	1955	3	3	6
12	1964	6	0	6
12	1978	6	3	2	1 subtropical storm
12	1981	4	4	3	1 subtropical storm
12	1988	7	2	3
12	1999	4	3	5
12	2002	8	2	2

Listed by most total storms: Pre-1900

Total storms	Year	Tropical storms	Hurricanes
			Minor	Major
19	1887	8	9	2
12	1878	2	8	2
12	1886	2	6	4
12	1893	2	5	5

Listed by fewest total storms

Most storm seasons on this list predate satellite weather tracking, so there could have potentially been more, unrecorded storms. Seasons prior to 1900 are not included due to lack of accurate data for the period.

Total storms	Year	Tropical storms	Hurricanes
			Minor	Major
1	1914	1	0	0
2	1925	1	1	0
2	1930	0	1	1
3	1917	1	0	2
3	1919	2	0	1
3	1929	0	2	1
4	1911	1	3	0
4	1913	1	3	0
4	1920	0	4	0
4	1922	2	1	1
4	1983	1	2	1

Notable Canadian hurricanes

• Newfoundland Hurricane of 1775, 1775: 4,163 Deaths
• Saxby Gale, 1869
• Great Nova Scotia Cyclone, 1873
• Great August Gale, 1934
• Hurricane Hazel, 1954 (made landfall in the United States but continued northward)
• The Perfect Storm, 1991
• Hurricane Juan, 2003

Unnamed but historically significant

• The Great Colonial Hurricane of 1635. First recorded hurricane to hit New England
• The Newfoundland Hurricane of 1775, Killed over 4,000 people in September 1775
• The Great Hurricane of 1780. Deadliest Atlantic hurricane on record, over 20,000 killed
• The Great September Gale of 1815
• Galveston Hurricane of 1900. Deadliest natural disaster in US history (as of 2005)
• The Great Miami Hurricane of 1926. Florida's economy didn't even begin to recover until the 1950s.
• The 1928 Okeechobee Hurricane†. Wrecked Guadaloupe and Puerto Rico; second deadliest hurricane in US history.
• The Great August Gale of 1934. A surprise hurricane which struck Canada.
• Labor Day Hurricane of 1935†. Struck the Florida Keys; strongest storm to ever hit the United States.
• The New England Hurricane of 1938. Killed 600.
• 1943 Surprise Hurricane. First intentional flight into a hurricane
• Halloween Nor'easter of 1991. Also known as the Perfect Storm, officially designated "Hurricane #8", formed from the remnants of Hurricane Grace

Lesser known but significant hurricanes

• The Last Island Hurricane of 1856: 400 people dead. The island and the resort on it never resurfaced.
• The Indianola Hurricane of 1886: destroyed Indianola, Texas.
• The New York Hurricane of 1893: a Category 1 going straight down Broadway.
• The Sea Islands Hurricane of 1893: killed 2,000 people on the Georgia and South Carolina coasts.
• The Chenier Caminada Hurricane of 1893: killed 2,000 people in Louisiana.
• The Hurricane San Ciriaco of 1899: traversed the Atlantic for 31 days.
• The March Hurricane of 1908: reached Category 2 strength in March.
• The Dominican Republic Hurricane of 1930: killed 8,000 people
• The 1947 Fort Lauderdale Hurricane: stormed through Fort Lauderdale just weakened from a Category 5.
• Hurricane Alice of 1954–55, formed after Christmas and continued into January.

Off-season storms

• March Hurricane of 1908 – formed March 6
• Hurricane Able - Category 3 in May, 1951
• Groundhog Day Storm, 1952 - formed on February 2 and hit south Florida.
• Hurricane Alice, 1954 - formed in late December and continued until early January.
• Tropical Storm Arlene - formed May 6.
• Hurricane Lili formed December 12
• Tropical Storm Ana, 2003 - First North Atlantic tropical system ever recorded to develop in April.
• Tropical Storm Odette, 2003 - First tropical system to develop in December in the Caribbean Sea in recorded history.
• Tropical Storm Peter, 2003 - First time two tropical systems develop in December in 115 years.

Category 5 hurricanes

Becoming a Category 5 (sustained windspeeds greater than 155 mph) is achieved on a regular basis in the Western Pacific but is rare in the Atlantic and Eastern Pacific. Since 1851, only 28 Atlantic hurricanes are known to have reached Category 5 and only nine made landfall while at this intensity. Only three times have more than one Category 5 formed in the same season: two in 1960 and 1961, and three in 2005.

See also the List of Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes and Category:Category 5 hurricanes.

• The Lake Okeechobee Hurricane† - 1928
• The Bahamas Hurricane - 1932
• The Labor Day Hurricane† - 1935
• The Great New England Hurricane - 1938
• The Fort Lauderdale Hurricane - 1947
• Hurricane Dog - 1950
• Hurricane Easy - 1951
• Hurricane Janet† - 1955
• Hurricane Cleo - 1958
• Hurricane Donna - 1960
• Hurricane Ethel - 1960
• Hurricane Carla - 1961
• Hurricane Hattie - 1961
• Hurricane Beulah - 1967
• Hurricane Camille† - 1969
• Hurricane Edith† - 1971
• Hurricane Anita† - 1977
• Hurricane David† - 1979
• Hurricane Allen - 1980
• Hurricane Gilbert† - 1988
• Hurricane Hugo - 1989
• Hurricane Andrew† - 1992 (see [6])
• Hurricane Mitch - 1998
• Hurricane Isabel - 2003
• Hurricane Ivan - 2004
• Hurricane Katrina - 2005
• Hurricane Rita - 2005
• Hurricane Wilma - 2005

† Made landfall as a Category 5

Listed by intensity

Ten most intense Atlantic hurricanes Intensity is measured solely by central pressure
Rank	Hurricane	Year	Minimum pressure
1	Wilma	2005	882 mbar (hPa)
2	Gilbert	1988	888 mbar (hPa)
3	Labor Day	1935	892 mbar (hPa)
4	Rita	2005	897 mbar (hPa)
5	Allen	1980	899 mbar (hPa)
6	Katrina	2005	902 mbar (hPa)
7	Camille	1969	905 mbar (hPa)
8	Mitch	1998	905 mbar (hPa)
9	Ivan	2004	910 mbar (hPa)
10	Janet	1955	914 mbar (hPa)
Source: The Weather Channel

East Atlantic

• 2005's Hurricane Vince, a Category 1 hurricane that made landfall as a tropical storm in Spain, the first tropical cyclone recorded to do so.

South Atlantic basin

Tropical cyclones rarely form in the South Atlantic Basin. Only three South Atlantic tropical cyclones in the area have been confirmed.

• The Angola Cyclone, 1991 - a tropical storm formed off Angola in April.
• The January Storm, 2004 - a cyclone of depression and possibly storm strength formed in January.
• Cyclone Catarina, 2004 - first positively observed hurricane in the South Atlantic Ocean.

Eastern Pacific basin

Retired names

See also Category:Retired Pacific hurricanes.

Some of the names not in the table may have been retired due to pronunciation difficulties or a "socially unacceptable meaning".

The background color behind the name indicates its strength on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale at its strongest landfall.

Tropical depression

Tropical storm

Category 1 hurricane

Category 2 hurricane

Category 3 hurricane

Category 4 hurricane

Category 5 hurricane

Name	Year	Location	Deaths	Damage ($US)
Fico	1978	Hawaiian Islands	unknown	Significant
Fefa	1991	Big Island	0	unknown
Ismael	1995	Northern Mexico	105	unknown
Pauline	1997	Guerrero and Oaxaca	230–400	extensive
Kenna	2002	Western Mexico	4	$5-$100 million

• Hazel, 1965
• Adele, 1970
• Knut‡, 1987
• Iva, 1988

Additionally, Adolph and Israel were removed during and after the 2001 season due to political sensitivities.

Source: WMO Technical Document

Unnamed

• 1858 San Diego Hurricane, 1858 - Strongest landfall in California
• 1939 Long Beach Tropical Storm‡, 1939 - Only known modern landfall in California
• 1959 Mexico Hurricane†, 1959 - Most intense landfall

Longest-lived Eastern Pacific storm

• John, 1994, lasted 31 days

Deadliest East Pacific Storms

Deaths	Name	Year
1800+	1959 Mexico Hurricane	1998
1000+	Hurricane Paul	1982
630+	Hurricane Liza	1976
230–400	Hurricane Pauline	1997
105	Hurricane Ismael	1995
100	Unnamed	1943
45	Unnamed	1939
40	Hurricane Bridget	1971
30	Hurricane Olivia	1975

Most Active East Pacific Seasons

1. 1992 season 24 + 3 systems (10–6–8) + (1–0–2)
2. 1985 season 22 + 1 systems (10–4–8) + (0–1–0)
3. 1983 season 21 + 0 systems (9–4–8)
4. 1990 season 20 + 1 systems (4–10–6) + (1–0–0)
5. 1982 season 19 + 4 systems (8–6–5) + (3–1–0)

• Note: East Pacific total + Central Pacific total
• Number Notation: East Pacific (Tropical Storm, (Category 1/2) Hurricane, Major Hurricane) + Central Pacific (Tropical Storm, (Category 1/2) Hurricane, Major Hurricane)

Least Active East Pacific Seasons

This excludes seasons before 1966. Before reliable satellite observations began that year, the number of East Pacific hurricanes was badly underestimated.

1. 1977 season 8 + 0 systems (4–4–0)
2. 1996 season 9 + 0 systems (4–3–2)
3. 1999 season 9 + 0 systems (3–4–2)
4. 1969 season 10 + 0 systems (6–4–0)
5. 1995 season 10 + 0 systems (3–4–3)
6. 1979 season 10 + 0 systems (4–2–4)

• Number Notation: East Pacific (Tropical Storm, (Category 1/2) Hurricane, Major Hurricane) + Central Pacific (Tropical Storm, (Category 1/2) Hurricane, Major Hurricane)

Off-season storms

• Hurricane Winnie - formed December 4
• Tropical Storm 1 - Formed May 13 (Season starts May 15)

Category 5's

Becoming a Category 5 (sustained windspeeds greater than 155 mph) is achieved on a regular basis in the Western Pacific but is rare in the Atlantic and Eastern Pacific. Since 1959, only 10 Pacific hurricanes are known to have reached Category 5 and only one made landfall while at this intensity. Category 5 hurricanes in the Eastern Pacific generally form only during El Niño years, causing a clumping of Category 5 storms in single years. Only once, in 1973, did a lone Category 5 form.

See also: List of Category 5 Pacific hurricanes and Category:Category 5 hurricanes

• Hurricane Patsy - 1959
• 1959 Mexico hurricane† - 1959
• Hurricane Ava - 1973
• Hurricane Gilma - 1994
• Hurricane John - 1994
• Hurricane Guillermo - 1997
• Hurricane Linda - 1997
• Hurricane Elida - 2002
• Hurricane Hernan - 2002
• Hurricane Kenna - 2002

† Made landfall as a Category 5

Listed by Intensity

Name	Pressure
Linda	902 mbar (estimated)
Kenna	913 mbar
Ava	915 mbar

The three strongest landfalls:

1. 1959 Mexico hurricane in 1959
2. Hurricane Madeline in 1976
3. Hurricane Kenna in 2002

Central Pacific basin

See also Category:Retired Pacific hurricanes.

Name	Year	Location	Deaths	Damage ($US)
Iwa	1982	Kauai	1	$200 million
Iniki	1992	Kauai and Oahu	6	$3.5 billion USD (costliest Pacific hurricane)

Unnamed

• Hurricane 12, 1975 - formed at record north latitude

Out of Season Storms

• Hurricane Ekeka - formed January 26
• Tropical Storm Hali - formed March 28
• Tropical Storm Paka - formed December 2

Western Pacific basin

Retired Names

Tropical depression

Tropical storm

Category 1 typhoon

Category 2 typhoon

Category 3 typhoon

Category 4 typhoon

Category 5 typhoon

Names retired before 2000 were retired by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Ones retired during and after that year were retired by Japan Meteorological Agency.

Name	Year	Location	Deaths	Damage ($US)
1990	Mike	Philippines, Vietnam, southern China	250+	$14 million (1990 USD)
1991	Mireille	Ryukyu Islands, southern Japan	52	$3 Billion (1991 USD)
1991	Thelma	Philippines	6000	unknown
1992	Omar	Guam, Taiwan	2	$457 million (1992 USD)
2001	Vamei	Singapore, Malaysia, and Sumatra	unknown	unknown

PAGASA also retires names for typhoons and tropical storms that affect the Philippines.

Other Named

• Longwang, 2005, Taiwan
• Maemi, 2003, Korea
• Pongsona, 2002, Guam
• Maggie, Sam, York and Cam 1999, Hong Kong - Four storms to directly strike the vicinity of Hong Kong within one typhoon season
• Paka, 1997, Guam
• Herb, 1996, Taiwan and China - The strongest and the largest storm of this year, dropped heavy rain over Taiwan and China, killing hundreds.
• Nina [7], 1975 - Dropped rain over eastern China, contributing to the collapse of the Banqiao Dam which killed at least 170,000
• Pamela, 1976, Guam
• Tip, 1979, Japan
• Rose, 1971, Hong Kong
• Wanda, 1962, Hong Kong - Often cited by Hong Kong residents as an example of a deadly storm. Although it ranked only as category 2 on the Saffir-Simpson scale, the deficient warning system of the time led to many deaths in the villages of the New Territories unaware of the storm surge.
• Nancy, 1961, Japan
• Vera, 1959, Japan - One of Japan's worst natural disasters, it caused over 5,000 deaths

Unnamed

• The Great Hong Kong Typhoon, 1937
• The Typhoon of 1944, 17-18 December, three US destroyers lost

Northern Indian Ocean

This region has had some of the world's deadliest cyclones, but there is a dearth of organized information about them.

• 1737 Calcutta cyclone, caused death and destruction around Calcutta, India
• 1864 Calcutta cyclone, killed around 60,000 people in Calcutta, India
• 1970 Bhola cyclone, killed between 100,000 to 500,000 people in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh)
• 1991 Bangladesh cyclone, killed 138,000 people in the Chittagong region of Bangladesh
• Tropical Cyclone 05B (1999), killed around 10,000 people in the Orissa state of India [8]

South Pacific Ocean

• Cyclone Giselle - 1968 - Caused the Wahine Disaster in New Zealand
• Cyclone Bola - 1988 - extensive damage and 3 deaths in New Zealand
• Cyclone Zoe - 2002 - Reached an incredible intensity in open ocean.
• Cyclone Erica -2003 - Devastated the South Pacific islands as a Category 5.
• Cyclone Ivy - 2004 - Ripped through the entire length of Vanuatu and edged New Zealand.

South Indian Ocean

• Cyclone Firinga - 1989 - Struck the island of La Reunion, Category 2.
• Cyclone Leon-Eline - 2000 - Drenched Madagascar and blew away Mozambique.
• Cyclone Gafilo - 2004 - Made landfall on Madagascar as a Category 5.

Australian tropical cyclones

See History - Australia's worst cyclone disasters (from Queensland Government State Disaster Management Group). See also Australian Bureau of Meteorology - Severe Weather Everts

• Cyclone Mahina, 1899 - over 300 people died.
• Cyclone Ada, 1970 - struck Whitsunday Island resorts and Whitsunday coast mainland. 14 people died and cost approximately AU$390 million.
• Cyclone Althea, 1971 - struck Magnetic Island and Townsville, Queensland on Christmas Day
• Cyclone Wanda, 1974 - caused extensive flooding in south-eastern Queensland and north-eastern New South Wales
• Cyclone Tracy, 1974 - 71 people died
• Cyclone Justin, 1997 - 7 people died and damage came to approximately 190 million AUD.
• Cyclone Thelma, 1998 - intense Category 5 system that hit the Kimberleys, Western Australia causing extensive damage and flooding near Darwin.
• Cyclone Vance, 1999 - Category 5 system that caused extensive damage to the West Australian towns of Exmouth and Onslow.
• Cyclone Ingrid, 2005

Most intense storms on record

Rank	Name	Pressure	Location	Year
1	Typhoon Tip	870 mbar	Western Pacific	1979
2	Typhoon Gay	872 mbar	Western Pacific	1992*
3	Typhoon Ivan	872 mbar	Western Pacific	1997*
4	Typhoon Joan	872 mbar	Western Pacific	1997*
5	Typhoon Keith	872 mbar	Western Pacific	1997*
6	Typhoon Zeb	872 mbar	Western Pacific	1998*
7	Typhoon June	875 mbar	Western Pacific	1975
8	Typhoon Forrest	876 mbar	Western Pacific	1983
9	Typhoon Ida	877 mbar	Western Pacific	1958
10	Typhoon Nora	877 mbar	Western Pacific	1973
11	Typhoon Rita	878 mbar	Western Pacific	1978
12	Typhoon Yvette	878 mbar	Western Pacific	1991*
13	Typhoon Damrey	878 mbar	Western Pacific	2000*
14	Typhoon Vanessa	879 mbar	Western Pacific	1984
15	Typhoon Angela	879 mbar	Western Pacific	1995*
16	Typhoon Faxai	879 mbar	Western Pacific	2001*
17	Cyclone Zoe	879 mbar	South Pacific	2002**
18	Typhoon Chaba	879 mbar	Western Pacific	2004*
19	Typhoon Violet	882 mbar	Western Pacific	1961
20	Hurricane Wilma	882 mbar	Atlantic	2005
21	Typhoon Irma	884 mbar	Western Pacific	1971
22	Typhoon Mike	885 mbar	Western Pacific	1990*
23	Typhoon Yuri	885 mbar	Western Pacific	1991*
24	Typhoon Maemi	885 mbar	Western Pacific	2003*
25	Typhoon Dianmu	885 mbar	Western Pacific	2004*
26	Unnamed typhoon of 1927	887 mbar	Western Pacific	1927
27	Typhoon Judy	887 mbar	Western Pacific	1979
28	Typhoon Nancy	888 mbar	Western Pacific	1961
29	Typhoon Abby	888 mbar	Western Pacific	1983
30	Hurricane Gilbert	888 mbar	Atlantic	1988
31	Labor Day Hurricane	892 mbar	Atlantic	1935
32	Hurricane Rita	897 mbar	Atlantic	2005
33	Hurricane Allen	899 mbar	Atlantic	1980
34	Hurricane Linda	902 mbar	Eastern Pacific	1997
35	Hurricane Katrina	902 mbar	Atlantic	2005
36	Hurricane Camille	905 mbar	Atlantic	1969
37	Hurricane Mitch	905 mbar	Atlantic	1998
38	Hurricane Ivan	910 mbar	Atlantic	2004
39	Hurricane Kenna	913 mbar	Eastern Pacific	2002

• [9]

Notes:

• *Minimum central pressure of these storms was estimated based on satellite data, rather than directly measured.
• **Estimated value. RSMC Fiji estimated 890 mbar.

This list includes Western Pacific storms with pressure of less than 890 mb and Atlantic and Eastern Pacific storms with pressure of less than 915 mb. Additional Western Pacific storms with pressure over 895 mb have been recorded, but are neither exceptional for that basin nor all reliably measured. As for Indian Ocean storms, pressure readings are too scarce to make a list reliable.

Size extremes

• Typhoon Tip is the largest tropical cyclone on record at 1350 miles (2170 km) wide, October (1979)
• Cyclone Tracy is the smallest tropical cyclone on record at 30 miles (48 km) wide, December (1974)

Highest storm surge

Little information is available about the storm surge of tropical cyclones around the world. The below are three powerful hurricanes which had very high storm surges.

• Cyclone Mahina - 42 feet, South Pacific, 1899
• Hurricane Katrina - 35 feet, Atlantic Ocean, 2005
• Hurricane Camille - 24 feet, Atlantic Ocean, 1969

Notes

• †: a very severe hurricane (category 5 at landfall on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale)
• ‡: a tropical storm, not a hurricane

See also

• List of Atlantic hurricane seasons
• List of Pacific hurricane seasons
• List of Pacific typhoon seasons