President of Venezuela

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The Presidential Army Ensign of Venezuela.
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The Presidential Army Ensign of Venezuela.

The President of Venezuela is the English political nomenclature that designates both the head of state and head of government of Venezuela. The powers allowed the Venezuelan presidency under the Constitution of Venezuela are current unusually sweeping and broad, with the power to dismiss judges, legislate, and issue emergency declarations and decrees. The current presidential term is for six years, with the constitutionally gauranteed recourse of holding a popular recall referendum anytime within the last three years of a presidential term.

The designation "President" encompasses only those persons who were sworn into office as President of Venezuela following Venezuela's own declaration of independence from Spanish colonial rule, which itself took effect on July 5, 1811. Due to the profound turmoil of the South American Wars of Independence and the reign of the republic of Gran Colombia over what is now Venezuela, this designation also effectively excludes heads of state or government in Gran Colombia; thus Simon Bolivar is not considered the first president of Venezuela. The list overall thus only focuses on heads of state governing Venezuela after Venezuela's separation and declaration of independence from Gran Colombia (in early 1830). The list includes interim caretaker as well as regular serving presidents.


Contents

Comments on presidential ordering

The first numbering column reflects the uninterrupted time in office served by a single person. For example, Juan Crisóstomo Falcón served two consecutive terms and is counted in the first column as only fourteenth president (and not' the fourteenth and fifteenth). Because of this numbering, the list below contains 61 distinct presidencies, but a fewer number of distinct individual presidents. Many of the men listed below became President on a provisional basis as they waited for the arrival of the elected or regular president, such as commonly occurs in the aftermath of a civil war, rebellion, or coup d'état. As a consequence, other Venezuelan presidential rosters may not choose to include the 61 terms below, citing the extreme brevity of certain terms, unusual circumstances that may have surrounded a president's ascendency into office, and other factors. The most common listing criteria creates a traditionally recognized list of 53 distinct presidential terms. This alternate listing system is displayed in the second column of the table below. The colors shaded about each president indicate the political party affiliation of each President (see key, below).

List of Presidents of Venezuela

Key: Movement for the Fifth Republic
(Movimiento V República)
Independent Military dictatorship Democratic Action
(Acción Democrática)
Coalition COPEI
(COPEI — Partido Social Cristiano de Venezuela)
#
(unique)
#
(all)
#
(selected all)
President Dates in office Form of entry Occupation
1 1 1 José Antonio Páez 1830-1835 Indirect elections Military general
2 2 2 José María Vargas 1835-1836 Indirect elections Physician
3 3 3 Andrés Navarte 1836-1837 Interim caretaker
4 4 4 José María Carreño 1837-1837 Interim caretaker Military general
5 5 5 Carlos Soublette 1837-1839 Interim caretaker Military general
6 6 6 José Antonio Páez 1839-1843 Indirect elections Military general
7 7 7 Carlos Soublette 1843-1847 Indirect elections Military general
8 8 8 José Tadeo Monagas 1847-1851 Indirect elections Military general
9 9 9 José Gregorio Monagas 1851-1855 Indirect elections Military general
10 10 10 José Tadeo Monagas 1855-1858 Indirect elections Military general
11 11 Pedro Gual 1858-1858
12 12 11 Julián Castro 1858-1859 Coup d'état Military general
13 13 Pedro Gual 1859-1859
14 14 12 Manuel Felipe Tovar 1859-1861 Coup d'état (first term);
direct elections (second term)
Politician
15 15 Pedro Gual 1861-1861
16 16 13 José Antonio Páez 1861-1863
17 17 14 Juan Crisóstomo Falcón 1863 - 1865 Victory in the Federal War (first term)
17 18 15 Juan Crisóstomo Falcón 1865 - April 1868 Indirect elections (second term) Military general
18 19 Manuel Ezequiel Bruzual 1868-1868
19 20 Guillermo Tell Villegas 1868-1868
20 21 16 José Ruperto Monagas 1868-1870 Revolution Military general
21 22 Guillermo Tell Villegas 1870-1870
22 23 17 Antonio Guzmán Blanco 1870-1877 Revolution (first term) Lawyer / Military general
22 24 18 Antonio Guzmán Blanco 1870-1877 Indirect elections (second term) Lawyer / Military general
23 25 19 Francisco Linares Alcántara 1877-1878 Indirect elections Military general
24 26 José Gregorio Varela 1878-1878
25 27 20 Antonio Guzmán Blanco 1879-1880 Election by the Federal States Lawyer / Military general
25 28 21 Antonio Guzmán Blanco 1880-1882 Election by the Federal States Lawyer / Military general
25 29 22 Antonio Guzmán Blanco 1882-1884 Election by the Federal States Lawyer / Military general
26 30 23 Joaquín Crespo 1884-1886 Elections by the Federal States Military general
27 31 24 Antonio Guzmán Blanco 1886-1887 Elections by the Federal States Lawyer / Military general
28 32 25 Hermógenes López 1887 - 1888 Intermin caretaker Military general
29 33 26 Juan Pablo Rojas Paúl 1888 - 1890 Elections by the Federal States Lawyer
30 34 27 Raimundo Andueza Palacios 1890-1892 Elections by the Federal States Lawyer
31 35 Guillermo Tell Villegas 1892-1892
32 36 28 Joaquín Crespo 1892-1894 Revolution Military general
32 37 29 Joaquín Crespo 1894-1898 Revolution Military general
33 38 30 Ignacio Andrade 1898-1899 Direct elections Politician
34 39 31 Cipriano Castro 1899-1908 Revolution Military general
35 40 32 Juan Vicente Gómez 1908-1914 Coup d'état Military general
36 41 Victorino Márquez Bustillos 1914-1915 Appointed provisional president[1] Lawyer / politician
37 42 32 Juan Vicente Gómez 1915-1929
38 43 Juan Bautista Pérez 30 May 1929 - 13 June 1931 Indirect election by the National Assembly Lawyer / magistrate
39 44 32 Juan Vicente Gómez 1931-1935 Indirect election by the National Assembly Military general
40 45 33 Eleazar López Contreras 1935-1936 Interim caretaker (first term)
40 46 34 Eleazar López Contreras 1936-1941 Indirect elections (second term) Military general
41 47 35 Isaías Medina Angarita 1941-1945 Indirect elections Military general
42 48 36 Rómulo Betancourt 1945-1948 Coup d'état Politician
43 49 37 Rómulo Gallegos 1948-1948 Direct elections Writer / Novelist
44 50 38 Carlos Delgado Chalbaud 1948-1950 Coup d'état Military officer
45 51 39 Germán Suárez Flamerich 1950-1952 Interim caretaker Lawyer
46 52 40 Marcos Pérez Jiménez 1952-1958 Indirect elections Military officer
47 53 41 Wolfgang Larrazábal 1958-1959 Coup d'état Rear admiral
48 54 42 Edgar Sanabria 1959-1959 Interim caretaker Lawyer
49 55 43 Rómulo Betancourt 1959-1964 Direct elections Politician
50 56 44 Raúl Leoni 1964-1969 Direct elections Lawyer
51 57 45 Rafael Caldera 1969-1974 Direct elections Lawyer
52 58 46 Carlos Andrés Pérez 1974-1979 Direct elections Politician
53 59 47 Luis Herrera Campins 1979-1984 Direct elections Lawyer
54 60 48 Jaime Lusinchi 1984-1989 Direct elections Physician
55 61 49 Carlos Andrés Pérez[2] 1989-1993 Direct elections Politician
56 62 50 Ramón José Velásquez 1993-1994 Direct elections Writer
57 63 51 Rafael Caldera 1994 - 2 February 1999 Direct elections Lawyer
58 64 52 Hugo Chávez Frías[3] 2 February 1999 - 11 April 2002 Direct elections Military officer
(Lt. colonel)
59 65 Pedro Carmona Estanga 11 April 2002-
13 April 2002 - 13 April 2002
(2 days)
Coup d'état Businessman
60 66 Diosdado Cabello 13 April 2002 - 13 April 2002
(several hours)
Interim caretaker Engineer
61 67 53 Hugo Chávez Frías 13 April 2002 - present Direct elections Military officer
(Lt. colonel)

Notes

  • ^  Bustillos was appointed to the presidency in a provisional fashion after Juan Vicente Gómez, after himself being elected (by the National Assembly) as president. Gómez opted not to assume the presidency, instead chosing to continue in the role of directing the Venezuelan army.
  • ^  On May 21, 1993 Pérez resigned after being accused of corruption by the Attorney General. President of Congress Octavio Lepage was in charge of the government until Ramón J. Velásquez was elected by Congress on June 4, 1993.
  • ^  On April 11, 2002 senior military officers refused Chávez's orders to carry out Plan Ávila. They instead arrested Chávez and forced him to resign. Pedro Carmona Estanga assumed the presidency. Following an uprising, aided by sectors of the military loyal to Chávez, the new government collapsed and Chávez was restored to power early on April 15, 2002. Between the deposing of Carmona and the return of Chávez, Vice President Diosdado Cabello assumed the presidency.

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References


Civil Flag of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela Presidents of Venezuela Presidential Army Ensign of Venezuela
Páez | Vargas | Navarte | Carreño | Soublette | Páez | Soublette | J.T. Monagas | J.G. Monagas | J.T. Monagas | Gual | J. Castro | Gual | Tovar | Gual | Páez | Falcón | Bruzual | Villegas | J.R. Monagas | Villegas | Blanco | Alcántara | Varela | Blanco | Crespo | Blanco | López | Paúl | Palacios | Villegas | Crespo | Andrade | C. Castro | Gómez | Bustillos | Gómez | Pérez | Gómez | Contreras | Angarita | Betancourt | Gallegos | Chalbaud | Flamerich | Jiménez | Larrazábal | Sanabria | Betancourt | Leoni | Caldera | Pérez | Campins | Lusinchi | Pérez | Velásquez | Caldera | Chávez | Carmona | Cabello | Chávez
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